More core examples (#13)

* Added core_input_keys example

* Added core_basic_window example

* Added core_input_mouse example

* Added core_input_mouse_wheel example

* Added Rectangle struct

* Added core_input_gestures example to utilize the Rectangle struct

* Removed unused imports

* Used the right draw function for the example

* PEP8 fixes

* Added core 2d camera examples

* Added core 2d camera examples

examples/core/core_2d_camera.py

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""
+
+raylib [core] example - 2d camera
+
+"""
+from raylib.pyray import PyRay
+from raylib.colors import (
+    RAYWHITE,
+    DARKGRAY,
+    RED,
+    GREEN,
+    SKYBLUE,
+    BLUE,
+    BLACK,
+)
+
+
+pyray = PyRay()
+
+# Initialization
+MAX_BUILDINGS = 100
+SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
+SCREEN_HEIGHT = 450
+
+pyray.init_window(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT,
+                  'raylib [core] example - 2d camera')
+
+player = pyray.Rectangle(400, 280, 40, 40)
+buildings = []
+build_colors = []
+spacing = 0
+
+for i in range(MAX_BUILDINGS):
+    width = pyray.get_random_value(50, 200)
+    height = pyray.get_random_value(100, 800)
+    y = SCREEN_HEIGHT - 130 - height
+    x = -6000 + spacing
+
+    buildings.append(pyray.Rectangle(x, y, width, height))
+
+    spacing += width
+
+    build_colors.append(pyray.Color(
+        pyray.get_random_value(200, 240),
+        pyray.get_random_value(200, 240),
+        pyray.get_random_value(200, 250),
+        255
+    ))
+
+camera = pyray.Camera2D()
+camera.target = pyray.Vector2(player.x + 20, player.y + 20)
+camera.offset = pyray.Vector2(SCREEN_WIDTH / 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2)
+camera.rotation = 0.0
+camera.zoom = 1.0
+
+pyray.set_target_fps(60)  # Set our game to run at 60 frames-per-second
+
+
+# Main game loop
+while not pyray.window_should_close():  # Detect window close button or ESC key
+    # Update
+
+    # Player movement
+    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_RIGHT):
+        player.x += 2
+    elif pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_LEFT):
+        player.x -= 2
+
+    # Camera target follows player
+    camera.target = pyray.Vector2(player.x + 20, player.y + 20)
+
+    # Camera rotation controls
+    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_A):
+        camera.rotation -= 1
+    elif pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_S):
+        camera.rotation += 1
+
+    # Limit camera rotation to 80 degrees (-40 to 40)
+    if camera.rotation > 40:
+        camera.rotation = 40
+    elif camera.rotation < -40:
+        camera.rotation = -40
+
+    # Camera zoom controls
+    camera.zoom += pyray.get_mouse_wheel_move() * 0.05
+
+    if camera.zoom > 3.0:
+        camera.zoom = 3.0
+    elif camera.zoom < 0.1:
+        camera.zoom = 0.1
+
+    # Camera reset (zoom and rotation)
+    if pyray.is_key_pressed(pyray.KEY_R):
+        camera.zoom = 1.0
+        camera.rotation = 0.0
+
+    # Draw
+    pyray.begin_drawing()
+    pyray.clear_background(RAYWHITE)
+
+    pyray.begin_mode_2d(camera)
+
+    pyray.draw_rectangle(-6000, 320, 13000, 8000, DARKGRAY)
+
+    for i in range(MAX_BUILDINGS):
+        pyray.draw_rectangle_rec(buildings[i], build_colors[i])
+
+    pyray.draw_rectangle_rec(player, RED)
+
+    x = int(camera.target.x)
+    y = int(camera.target.y)
+    pyray.draw_line(x, -SCREEN_HEIGHT * 10, x, SCREEN_HEIGHT * 10, GREEN)
+    pyray.draw_line(-SCREEN_WIDTH * 10, y, SCREEN_WIDTH * 10, y, GREEN)
+
+    pyray.end_mode_2d()
+
+    pyray.draw_text('SCREEN AREA', 640, 10, 20, RED)
+
+    pyray.draw_rectangle(0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, 5, RED)
+    pyray.draw_rectangle(0, 5, 5, SCREEN_HEIGHT - 10, RED)
+    pyray.draw_rectangle(SCREEN_WIDTH - 5, 5, 5, SCREEN_HEIGHT - 10, RED)
+    pyray.draw_rectangle(0, SCREEN_HEIGHT - 5, SCREEN_WIDTH, 5, RED)
+
+    pyray.draw_rectangle(10, 10, 250, 113, pyray.fade(SKYBLUE, 0.5))
+    pyray.draw_rectangle_lines(10, 10, 250, 113, BLUE)
+
+    pyray.draw_text('Free 2d camera controls:', 20, 20, 10, BLACK)
+    pyray.draw_text('- Right/Left to move Offset', 40, 40, 10, DARKGRAY)
+    pyray.draw_text('- Mouse Wheel to Zoom in-out', 40, 60, 10, DARKGRAY)
+    pyray.draw_text('- A / S to Rotate', 40, 80, 10, DARKGRAY)
+    pyray.draw_text('- R to reset Zoom and Rotation', 40, 100, 10, DARKGRAY)
+
+    pyray.end_drawing()
+
+
+# De-Initialization
+pyray.close_window()  # Close window and OpenGL context

examples/core/core_2d_camera_platformer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+"""
+
+raylib [core] example - 2d camera platformer
+
+"""
+from math import sqrt
+
+from raylib.pyray import PyRay
+from raylib.colors import (
+    DARKGRAY,
+    RED,
+    BLACK,
+    GRAY,
+    LIGHTGRAY,
+)
+
+
+pyray = PyRay()
+
+# Initialization
+global g_evening_out, g_even_out_target
+g_evening_out = False
+
+G = 400
+PLAYER_JUMP_SPD = 350.0
+PLAYER_HOR_SPD = 200.0
+
+SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
+SCREEN_HEIGHT = 450
+
+pyray.init_window(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT,
+                  'raylib [core] example - 2d camera')
+
+
+# Raylib Math
+def vector2_subtract(v1, v2):
+    return pyray.Vector2(v1.x - v2.x, v1.y - v2.y)
+
+
+def vector2_add(v1, v2):
+    return pyray.Vector2(v1.x + v2.x, v1.y + v2.y)
+
+
+def vector2_length(v):
+    return sqrt((v.x * v.x) + (v.y * v.y))
+
+
+def vector2_scale(v, scale):
+    return pyray.Vector2(v.x * scale, v.y * scale)
+
+
+class Player:
+
+    def __init__(self, position, speed, can_jump):
+        self.position = position
+        self.speed = speed
+        self.can_jump = can_jump
+
+
+class EnvItem:
+
+    def __init__(self, rect, blocking, color):
+        self.rect = rect
+        self.blocking = blocking
+        self.color = color
+
+
+def update_player(player, env_items, delta):
+    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_LEFT):
+        player.position.x -= PLAYER_HOR_SPD * delta
+    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_RIGHT):
+        player.position.x += PLAYER_HOR_SPD * delta
+    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_SPACE) and player.can_jump:
+        player.speed = -PLAYER_JUMP_SPD
+        player.can_jump = False
+
+    hit_obstacle = False
+    for ei in env_items:
+        p = player.position
+        if (
+            ei.blocking and
+            ei.rect.x <= p.x and
+            ei.rect.x + ei.rect.width >= p.x and
+            ei.rect.y >= p.y and
+            ei.rect.y < p.y + player.speed * delta
+        ):
+            hit_obstacle = True
+            player.speed = 0.0
+            p.y = ei.rect.y
+
+    if not hit_obstacle:
+        player.position.y += player.speed * delta
+        player.speed += G * delta
+        player.can_jump = False
+    else:
+        player.can_jump = True
+
+
+def update_camera_center(
+    camera, player, env_items, delta, width, height
+):
+    camera.offset = pyray.Vector2(width / 2, height / 2)
+    camera.target = player.position
+
+
+def update_camera_center_inside_map(
+    camera, player, env_items, delta, width, height
+):
+    camera.target = player.position
+    camera.offset = pyray.Vector2(width / 2, height / 2)
+
+    minX = 1000
+    minY = 1000
+    maxX = -1000
+    maxY = -1000
+
+    for ei in env_items:
+        minX = min(ei.rect.x, minX)
+        maxX = max(ei.rect.x + ei.rect.width, maxX)
+
+        minY = min(ei.rect.y, minY)
+        maxY = max(ei.rect.y + ei.rect.height, maxY)
+
+    wmax = pyray.get_world_to_screen_2d(pyray.Vector2(maxX, maxY), camera)
+    wmin = pyray.get_world_to_screen_2d(pyray.Vector2(minX, minY), camera)
+
+    if wmax.x < width:
+        camera.offset.x = width - (wmax.x - width / 2)
+    if wmax.y < height:
+        camera.offset.y = height - (wmax.y - height / 2)
+    if wmin.x > 0:
+        camera.offset.x = width / 2 - wmin.x
+    if wmin.y > 0:
+        camera.offset.y = height / 2 - wmin.y
+
+
+def update_camera_center_smooth_follow(
+    camera, player, env_items, delta, width, height
+):
+    min_speed = 30
+    min_effect_length = 10
+    fraction_speed = 0.8
+
+    camera.offset = pyray.Vector2(width / 2, height / 2)
+    diff = vector2_subtract(player.position, camera.target)
+    length = vector2_length(diff)
+
+    if length > min_effect_length:
+        speed = max(fraction_speed * length, min_speed)
+        camera.target = vector2_add(
+            camera.target, vector2_scale(diff, speed * delta / length)
+        )
+
+
+def update_camera_even_out_on_landing(
+    camera, player, env_items, delta, width, height
+):
+    global g_evening_out, g_even_out_target
+
+    even_out_speed = 700
+
+    camera.offset = pyray.Vector2(width / 2, height / 2)
+    camera.target.x = player.position.x
+
+    if g_evening_out:
+        if g_even_out_target > camera.target.y:
+            camera.target.y += even_out_speed * delta
+
+            if camera.target.y > g_even_out_target:
+                camera.target.y = g_even_out_target
+                g_evening_out = False
+        else:
+            camera.target.y -= even_out_speed * delta
+            if camera.target.y < g_even_out_target:
+                camera.target.y = g_even_out_target
+                g_evening_out = False
+    else:
+        if (
+            player.can_jump and
+            (player.speed == 0) and
+            (player.position.y != camera.target.y)
+        ):
+            g_evening_out = True
+            g_even_out_target = player.position.y
+
+
+def update_camera_player_bounds_push(
+    camera, player, env_items, delta, width, height
+):
+    bbox = pyray.Vector2(0.2, 0.2)
+
+    bbox_world_min = pyray.get_world_to_screen_2d(
+        pyray.Vector2((1 - bbox.x) * 0.5 * width,
+                      (1 - bbox.y) * 0.5 * height),
+        camera
+    )
+    bbox_world_max = pyray.get_world_to_screen_2d(
+        pyray.Vector2((1 + bbox.x) * 0.5 * width,
+                      (1 + bbox.y) * 0.5 * height),
+        camera
+    )
+    camera.offset = pyray.Vector2((1 - bbox.x) * 0.5 * width,
+                                  (1 - bbox.y) * 0.5 * height)
+
+    if player.position.x < bbox_world_min.x:
+        camera.target.x = player.position.x
+    if player.position.y < bbox_world_min.y:
+        camera.target.y = player.position.y
+    if player.position.x > bbox_world_max.x:
+        camera.target.x = (
+            bbox_world_min.x + (player.position.x - bbox_world_max.x)
+        )
+    if player.position.y > bbox_world_max.y:
+        camera.target.y = (
+            bbox_world_min.y + (player.position.y - bbox_world_max.y)
+        )
+
+
+# Main intialization
+player = Player(pyray.Vector2(400, 280), 0, False)
+env_items = (
+    EnvItem(pyray.Rectangle(0, 0, 1000, 400), 0, LIGHTGRAY),
+    EnvItem(pyray.Rectangle(0, 400, 1000, 200), 1, GRAY),
+    EnvItem(pyray.Rectangle(300, 200, 400, 10), 1, GRAY),
+    EnvItem(pyray.Rectangle(250, 300, 100, 10), 1, GRAY),
+    EnvItem(pyray.Rectangle(650, 300, 100, 10), 1, GRAY),
+)
+
+camera = pyray.Camera2D()
+camera.target = player.position
+camera.offset = pyray.Vector2(SCREEN_WIDTH / 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT / 2)
+camera.rotation = 0.0
+camera.zoom = 1.0
+
+pyray.set_target_fps(60)  # Set our game to run at 60 frames-per-second
+
+# Store pointers to the multiple update camera functions
+camera_updaters = (
+    update_camera_center,
+    update_camera_center_inside_map,
+    update_camera_center_smooth_follow,
+    update_camera_even_out_on_landing,
+    update_camera_player_bounds_push,
+)
+camera_option = 0
+camera_updaters_length = len(camera_updaters)
+
+camera_descriptions = (
+    'Follow player center',
+    'Follow player center, but clamp to map edges',
+    'Follow player center smoothed',
+    ('Follow player center horizontally '
+     'update player center vertically after landing'),
+    'Player push camera on getting too close to screen edge',
+)
+
+# Main game loop
+while not pyray.window_should_close():  # Detect window close button or ESC key
+    # Update
+    delta_time = pyray.get_frame_time()
+
+    update_player(player, env_items, delta_time)
+
+    camera.zoom += pyray.get_mouse_wheel_move() * 0.05
+
+    if camera.zoom > 3.0:
+        camera.zoom = 3.0
+    elif camera.zoom < 0.25:
+        camera.zoom = 0.25
+
+    if pyray.is_key_pressed(pyray.KEY_R):
+        camera.zoom = 1.0
+        player.position = pyray.Vector2(400, 280)
+
+    if pyray.is_key_pressed(pyray.KEY_C):
+        camera_option = (camera_option + 1) % camera_updaters_length
+
+    # Call update camera function by its pointer
+    camera_updaters[camera_option](
+        camera, player, env_items, delta_time,
+        SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT
+    )
+
+    # Draw
+    pyray.begin_drawing()
+    pyray.clear_background(LIGHTGRAY)
+
+    pyray.begin_mode_2d(camera)
+
+    for env_item in env_items:
+        pyray.draw_rectangle_rec(env_item.rect, env_item.color)
+
+    player_rect = pyray.Rectangle(
+        int(player.position.x) - 20,
+        int(player.position.y) - 40,
+        40, 40
+    )
+    pyray.draw_rectangle_rec(player_rect, RED)
+
+    pyray.end_mode_2d()
+
+    pyray.draw_text('Controls:', 20, 20, 10, BLACK)
+    pyray.draw_text('- Right/Left to move', 40, 40, 10, DARKGRAY)
+    pyray.draw_text('- Space to jump', 40, 60, 10, DARKGRAY)
+    pyray.draw_text('- Mouse Wheel to Zoom in-out, R to reset zoom',
+                    40, 80, 10, DARKGRAY)
+    pyray.draw_text('- C to change camera mode', 40, 100, 10, DARKGRAY)
+    pyray.draw_text('Current camera mode:', 20, 120, 10, BLACK)
+    pyray.draw_text(camera_descriptions[camera_option], 40, 140, 10, DARKGRAY)
+
+    pyray.end_drawing()
+
+# De-Initialization
+pyray.close_window()  # Close window and OpenGL context

examples/core/core_input_gestures.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 raylib [core] example - Input Gestures Detection
 
 """
-from raylib.pyray import PyRay, makeStructHelper
+from raylib.pyray import PyRay
 from raylib.colors import (
     RAYWHITE,
     LIGHTGRAY,
@@ -73,15 +73,11 @@ while not pyray.window_should_close():  # Detect window close button or ESC key
     pyray.draw_rectangle_rec(touch_area, GRAY)
     pyray.draw_rectangle(225, 15, SCREEN_WIDTH - 240, SCREEN_HEIGHT - 30,
                          RAYWHITE)
-
     pyray.draw_text(
         'GESTURES TEST AREA',
         SCREEN_WIDTH - 270, SCREEN_HEIGHT - 40, 20, pyray.fade(GRAY, 0.5)
     )
 
-    pyray.draw_rectangle(10, 29, 200, SCREEN_HEIGHT - 50, GRAY)
-    pyray.draw_text('DETECTED GESTURES', 50, 15, 10, GRAY)
-
     for i, val in enumerate(gesture_strings):
         if i % 2 == 0:
             pyray.draw_rectangle(
@@ -95,11 +91,12 @@ while not pyray.window_should_close():  # Detect window close button or ESC key
         else:
             pyray.draw_text(val, 35, 36 + 20 * i, 10, MAROON)
 
+    pyray.draw_rectangle_lines(10, 29, 200, SCREEN_HEIGHT - 50, GRAY)
+    pyray.draw_text('DETECTED GESTURES', 50, 15, 10, GRAY)
 
     if current_gesture != pyray.GESTURE_NONE:
         pyray.draw_circle_v(touch_position, 30, MAROON)
 
-
     pyray.end_drawing()
 
 

examples/core/core_input_keys.py

@@ -28,10 +28,14 @@ pyray.set_target_fps(60)  # Set our game to run at 60 frames-per-second
 # Main game loop
 while not pyray.window_should_close():  # Detect window close button or ESC key
     # Update
-    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_RIGHT): ball_position.x += 2
+    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_RIGHT):
-    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_LEFT): ball_position.x -= 2
+        ball_position.x += 2
-    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_UP): ball_position.y -= 2
+    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_LEFT):
-    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_DOWN): ball_position.y += 2
+        ball_position.x -= 2
+    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_UP):
+        ball_position.y -= 2
+    if pyray.is_key_down(pyray.KEY_DOWN):
+        ball_position.y += 2
 
     # Draw
     pyray.begin_drawing()